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April, 2009:

Strawberries / Morangos

A strawberry is a superstar when it comes to anti-oxidant power, says Dr. Barry Sears in his book The Top 100 Zone Foods: The Zone Food Science Ranking System.

In addition, 1 cup of strawberries gives you a whopping 140 percent of your recommended daily allowance of vitamin C. Strawberries are also packed with flavonoids, two in particular, called quercetin and kaempferol. Research shows that these two flavonoids help keep “bad” (LDL) cholesterol from oxidizing and damaging artery walls.

Strawberries also contain ellargic acid — also found in raspberries, blackberries, cranberries, grapes, cherries, walnuts, pecans and Brazil nuts — which acts as a scavenger to “bind” cancer-causing chemicals, making them inactive. It inhibits the ability of other chemicals to cause mutations in bacteria. In addition, it prevents binding of carcinogens to DNA and reduces the incidence of cancer in cultured human cells exposed to carcinogens.

Information from http://health.learninginfo.org/strawberry.htm

Um morango é uma estrela mundial quando vem ao poder antioxidante, diz o Dr. Barry Sears em seu livro The Top 100 Zone Foods: The Zone Food Science Ranking System.

Além, 1 copo das morangos dá-o que uns 140 por cento enorme de sua permissão diária recomendada de morangos da vitamina C. são embalados igualmente com as flavonóides, dois em particular, chamadas quercetina e kaempferol. A pesquisa mostra que estas duas flavonóides ajudam a manter o colesterol (LDL) “mau” das paredes oxidando e prejudiciais da artéria.

Os morangos igualmente contêm o ácido ellargic igualmente encontrado nas framboesas, nas amoras-pretas, nas airelas, nas uvas, nas cerejas, nas nozes, nos pecans e nos nozs do Brasil – que actua como um limpador “para ligar” produtos químicos cancerígenos, fazendo os inativos. Inibe a habilidade de outros produtos químicos de causar mutações nas bactérias. Além, impede a ligação dos carcinogéneos ao ADN e reduz a incidência do cancro nas pilhas humanas cultivadas expor aos carcinogéneos.

Informação de http://health.learninginfo.org/strawberry.htm

More information / Mais informação:
http://www.vegparadise.com/highestperch45.html

Beautiful Morning

I was up bright and early this morning – and was stunned by the crisp, post-rain, beauty of everything. The way drips of water clinging to the pine needles catch the early morning light and the colours of the sky. But the camera hasn’t really captured it all.

pine

sky

view from the jam kitchen

house

A very basic polytunnel

I spent yesterday banging old scaffolding into the ground, hammering, drilling and generally acting like a practical blokey type person!
And we now have a polytunnel, full of seed trays (well, at one small end) and the baby banana tree!

front of the polytunnel

The door probably needs some work – it’s just a slit cut into the plastic now, and the rear end is a bit weird. But it works, and is ridiculously hot inside.

backof the polytunnel

In the same way that the recent rain arrived just after I had watered all our young trees, as soon as the tunnel was up the sun returned properly. It may soon be too hot inside to keep anything in there except humans wanting a sauna experience!

steamy polytunnel

Petition against new highway IC6 / Petição contra a nova estrada IC6

Petition against the planned construction of a new IC6 highway, between the towns of Tabua, Oliveira do Hospital, Lagos da Beira, and Seia, because of ;

1. Devastating for protected Nature area (REN)
2. Not needed for traffic- or other solutions.
3. Harmful for watersupply farmers.
4. 300 ha. of forest and REN (Protected Nature Area) has to be destroyed, 800 familys are getting expropiaded,
250 houses and Quinta’s will be broken down.

Sign the petition

And this all costs 1200 million Euro European money.

Last week we , the people of Beira-alta, cental Portugal, discovered, by accident, that the Government has suddenly, in contradiction of earlier plans!!! (why the sudden Change??) , decided to build a major highway through our Region , which has disastrous consequences for Environment, Nature and Habitants. !

Hereafter we will show that the PT-Government, the Department of Public Infrastructure, and Estradas de Portugal (EP) are violating Democratic rights, are making abuse of power, are neglecting the wish of the majority, are conducting maladministration, are planning to destroy Protected Nature Reserve (REN), are making abuse of European funds, are obsessively building as many unnecessary roads as they can, and are harming a lot of their own citizens,

We accuse the Portuguese Government and the Department of Infrastructure of:

1.Violating democratic rights.
The Government has neglected, as usual, to start up a Democratic procedure in this matter, even the local Councils knew nothing about it.

2. Abuse of Power.
Although we requested further information, details, and so on, the Department of EP in Coimbra refuses us to inform. The only information we got is that a lot of houses will be broken down, and a lot of land will be expropriated, so a lot of people are very insecure and disorientated of what will happen. There is big panic amongst the people, but they don’t know what to do about it.
This is not the way to treat citizens!

3. Neglecting the wish of the majority.
In the (minor) survey held by ATKINS in 2007, states clearly that the majority of “consulted” councils, individuals, and other organisations, in total of only 42!! have no use for a new highway true Nature-reserve area (REN), ancient Villages and precious farmland, and prefer to do nothing.

4. Conducting maladministration.
By neglecting proper procedures, not informing councils and citizens, not giving any time-span, not research any alternatives, consequences for nature and citizens, in short and long-term, and so on, they are conducting maladministration.

5. Destroying Protected Nature reserve Area (REN) and this is probably the most important issue!
80 % of the set project is going true so called protected REN-area. REN stands for Reserva National.
This is a unique wildlife reserve with a mass scale of different Animals, Plants and Trees.
Forests with Oaks and Chestnuts, grassland, ancient vineyards, countless under- and above ground water streams, even swamps. A lot of protected animals like for instant the Portuguese Eagle, are threatened by above plans.
If we assume that the impact of a highway to left and right sides will be at least 1000 meter, this implicates that at least 5000000 m² or 500 ha. of this protected area will be demolished. This is unacceptable for a highway nobody wants and needs..
All this nature attracts many tourists, as well as foreigners (most English and Dutch) who invested in tore-down farms here to restore them thus making small paradises. This will all be lost, therefore working strongly contra-productive, something the Government still does not want to understand.

When Nature is gone, tourists will stay away, foreigners will not invest anymore and even are forced to leave, making the local economy go bankrupt. Here to: no research on this matter.

5.1. Water.
In this rural community almost 80% of the people are dependent of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. This water is mainly coming from the mountains of the “Serra Estrela” mostly underground. and is pumped up through wells, or comes out spontaneously.
We see in similar cases throughout the world, there is a big chance that, because of the disturbance of the underground, for instance by the deep foundations of the many bridges, at least a part of these wells will dry up and will force families to go elsewhere after maybe living there for generations.
There has been no research what so ever regarding the effects on these water streams, so important for a lot of people.
Another example of maladministration.

5.2. Forest fires.
This region is one heavily affected by forest fires from the last years.
It’s therefore very vulnerable and needs extra protection. Cutting down at least 250 ha. of forest, is in contrast with the aim to preserve, and maintain natural landscape.

5.3 Destroying authentic villages.
Because of the plans, several authentic villages, some thousand years old, are being completely demolished, thus being a violation of European law!

6. Making abuse of European funds.
The estimated costs of above project are €1200 million. Besides we don’t understand why Europe finances this devastating project, we believe that this planned highway is complete redundant.
Research on our side shows the following: this new road is supposedly mend to exonerate the nearby
R17 (EN17), which exists almost parallel, at only few kilometres away.
We did a car-count, what shows us no more than 1400 cars a day (24 hours) use this road.
It’s therefore ridiculous to invest 1200 million in a devastating project that doesn’t bring any improvement in a problem which doesn’t exist. Here too there has been no research what so ever regarding the necessity !

We don’t know on what ground Europe has granted this massive donation, it can only have being granted on false information from Portugal, and it needs to be withdrawn immediately.

Portugal is known for building highways from nowhere to nowhere, under the guise of stimulance of the Economy. Well, there is, and will be no industry here, no provision of services, mainly only agriculture. Once again, this is obsessive behaviour from the Government..

By the way, it seems odd that Portugal receives EU-money to plant 1 million new oak trees in The Serra Estrela, and on the other hand gets EU-money to cut down 1 million trees in our region!

7. Harming European citizens.

An estimated 10.000.000 m² or 1000 ha. of Land has to be expropriated, along with an estimated 250 houses and farms which will be broken down. Many of them absolutely unique and hundreds of years old. About 800 people will lose their land and form of income, most of it small farmers who are dependent of their land.
About 35 Farms (Quintas) of foreigners (most English and Dutch) have to be expropriated, families who invested heavily the last decades to restore the authentic lands and buildings, respected nature and worked hard for years to settle here. This will all be lost forever and the Portuguese authorities pay very little money in expropriation-cases. Anyway, this money too is coming from the European Union so a lot of us have financed our own destruction and downfall.!!

Most people will be set on the street with little money, loose all their possessions, including many animals, don’t know where to go, and so become refugees in their own Europe!
THIS CAN NOT BE THE CASE!

We have recently sent many letters to the EU, PT-government and many others, but need your help to.
We therefore kindly and respectfully ask you to help stop this devastating plan and sign this petition.

Petição contra o projecto de construção da nova IC 6, entre Tábua, Oliveira do Hospital, Lagos da Beira, e Seia, pelas seguintes razões:

1. Desastroso para uma zona protegida de reserva ecológica nacional (REN).
2. Não ser necessária para tráfego ou outras soluções.
3. Prejudicial para os agricultores, relativamente ao seu abastecimento de água.
4. 300 het. de floresta e REN terão de ser destruídos, 800 famílias serão expropriadas,
250 Moradias e Quintas serão demolidas.

Assinar o Petiçäo

E tudo isto custa 1200 milhões de Euros de fundos Europeus.

Na semana passada, nós, a população da Beira alta, descobrimos por acidente que o governo tinha subitamente e contrariamente a planos anteriores (Porquê a reviravolta?), decidido construir uma Auto-estrada através da nossa região. Tal projecto tem consequências desastrosas tanto para o ambiente, natureza como para os seus habitantes.

Vimos deste modo demonstrar que o governo Português, o Departamento de Infra-estruturas Publicas e Estradas de Portugal (EP) estão a violar os direitos democráticos, a abusar do seu poder, a não dar ouvidos ao desejo da maioria, a conduzir uma administração faltosa, a tencionar destruir uma zona de reserva ecológica nacional (REN), estão a fazer uso abusivo de fundos comunitários, estão a construir obsessivamente tantas quantas estrada desnecessárias puderem e a prejudicar os seus cidadãos.

Nós acusamos o governo Português e o Departamento de infra-estruturas de:
1.Violação dos direitos democráticos.
O governo ficou de dar inicio a um processo democrático para este assunto (Como é normal), nem o poder local tinha conhecimento deste projecto.

2. Abuso de poder.
Apesar de termos pedido mais informação sobre este assunto, pormenores e afins, o Departamento das EP em Coimbra recusou dar qualquer tipo de resposta. As únicas informações que temos são que muitas casas terão de ser demolidas e que muitos terrenos terão de ser expropriados, deste modo muitas pessoas sentem-se bastante inseguras e desorientadas sobre o que está para acontecer. O pânico está instalado entre a população mas ninguém sabe o que fazer.
Isto não é forma de tratar os cidadãos!

3.não dar ouvidos aos desejos da maioria.
No (pequeno) inquérito feito por ATKINS em 2007, constata-se que a maioria dos inquiridos, câmaras, indivíduos e outras organizações, no seu total 42!! Não pensa necessitar de uma nova Auto-Estrada que passe por reserva ecológica (REN), aldeias antigas e terreno Agrícola tão valioso para a população e preferem que nada seja feito.

4. Conduzir uma administração faltosa.
Ao atropelar os procedimentos normais, não informar as câmaras, os conselhos e os cidadãos, não dar prazos, ao não pesquisar as consequências para a natureza e população a curto e médio e procurar outras alternativas estão a conduzir uma administração faltosa!

5. A destruição de uma zona e Reserve Ecologica Nacional (REN)

80 % do projecto aprovado será através de uma suposta zona de reserva ecológica (REN). Esta é uma zona de reserva única com uma imensa diversidade de animais, plantas e árvores.
Florestas de carvalhos e castanheiros, zonas de pasto, vinhas antigas, inúmeros cursos de água, tanto à superfície como abaixo dela e até zonas pantanosas. Muitas espécies animais exclusivamente Portuguesas são ameaçadas por estes planos, tal como a águia Portuguesa.

Se partirmos do principio que o impacto de uma auto-estrada com ambas as direcções é de pelo menos 1000 metros, tal implica que no mínimo 5000000 m2 ou 500 het. desta zona protegida serão destruídos. Tal é inaceitável por uma auto-estrada que ninguém quer ou precisa.
Toda esta natureza atrai muito turismo, e também estrangeiros (maioritariamente Ingleses e Holandeses) que investem em propriedades abandonadas, restaurando-as e tornando-as em pequenos paraísos. Tudo isto será perdido e será muito contra-producente, algo que o governo teima em não querer compreender.

Sem a natureza, o turismo morre e os estrangeiros deixam de investir e são forçados a partir, deixando
A economia local na banca rota.

5.1. Água
Nesta comunidade rural 80% da população está dependente da água do solo para beber e para irrigação.
Esta água provém em grande parte das montanhas da Serra da Estrela, em cursos subterrâneos, esta é extraída em poços ou espontaneamente.
Como é verificado em casos por todo o mundo, Há uma grande possibilidade de que por causa de alterações no subsolo, por exemplo com as fundações das muitas pontes, os poços sequem e que muitas famílias se vejam forçadas a abandonar as casas onde viveram por muitas gerações.
Não houve estudos efectuados para determinar o impacto ambiental nestes cursos de água, tão importantes para tanta gente.
Outro exemplo de administração faltosa.

5.2. Fogos florestais.
Esta região é uma das mais fortemente afectadas por fogos florestais nos últimos anos.
È portanto uma região muito vulnerável que necessita de protecção extra. Cortar cerca de 250 het. De floresta, contrasta com o dever de proteger e de manter a paisagem natural.

5.3 Destruição de aldeias típicas
Devido ao projecto, muitas aldeias típicas, algumas com mais de mil anos, estão a ser completamente demolidas, portanto em violação da lei Europeia!

6. Uso abusivo de fundos comunitários EU.
Os custos estimados para o projecto são de 1200€ milhões. Não compreendemos como é que a Europa apoia este projecto, e achamos que a construção desta auto-estrada é completamente redundante.
Alguma pesquisa efectuada por nós mostra o seguinte: A nova Estrada é supostamente para aliviar o tráfego na R17 (EN17), que existe quase paralelamente, a apenas alguns quilómetros de distância.
Nós fizemos uma contagem de carros e chegamos à conclusão de que apenas 1400 carros utilizam esta estrada por dia (24 horas).
Desta forma é ridículo investir 1200€ milhões num projecto devastador que não traz nenhuma solução para um problema que não existe. Aqui também não foi feito nenhum estudo relativamente à sua necessidade.

Não sabemos qual a base para um subsídio tão grande por parte da comunidade Europeia, só pode ter sido concedido com base em informação falsa, e tem de ser retirado imediatamente.

Portugal está conhecido por construir estradas de sítio nenhum para sítio nenhum.

Já agora, parece muito estranho que Portugal receba dinheiro da UE para plantar 1 milhão de carvalhos na Serra da Estrela por um lado, e por outro receba também dinheiro de UE para cortar 1 milhão de árvores na nossa região.

7. Prejudicar cidadãos Europeus.
As estimativas são de que 10.000.000 m² ou 1000 het. De terrenos têm de ser expropriados, juntos com 250 moradias e quintas que terão de ser demolidas. Algumas absolutamente únicas e com centenas de anos. Cerca de 800 pessoas perderão os seus terrenos e fonte de rendimentos, maioritariamente pequenos agricultores que estão totalmente dependentes da terra.
Cerce de 35 quintas de estrangeiros (maioritariamente Ingleses e Holandeses) têm de ser expropriadas, famílias que durante décadas investiram fortemente para restaurar terras e propriedades, sempre respeitaram a natureza e trabalharam duro para se radicarem aqui. Tudo isto ficará perdido para sempre e as autoridades Portuguesas pagam muito pouco em casos de expropriação. De qualquer modo, também este dinheiro provem de fundos comunitários EU e nós próprios financiámos a nossa destruição! A maior parte das pessoas serão postas na rua com pouco dinheiro, perderão as suas posses incluindo animais, não sabem para onde ir e assim tornam-se refugiados na sua própria Europa!
ESTE NÂO PODE SER O CASO!

Pedimos gentil e respeitosamente que nos ajude a travar este plano devastador. E assinar este Petiçäo.

aguiaportugal@gmail.com

Compost Toilet / Casa de Banho de Composto

Our compost toilet

O nosso casa de banho de composto

p1010278

Our first compost toilet

O nosso primeiro casa de banho de composto

The Humanure Handbook – Brilliant book on composting “human manure”. Everyone should have a copy! Also available as a free download (.pdf). Livro exelente sobre compostar o ” manure humano”. Todos deve ter uma cópia! Infelizmente, não disponível em Portugues, mas em Espanhol: Sistema de Saneamiento Seco por Compostaje de “Humanure”.

Lifting the Lid – Centre for Alternative Technology publication – where the design for our dual-chamber toilet came from.

Some Changes / Alguns Mudanças

First – you may have noticed that there are now links to books at the bottom of most posts. This is for two main reasons: 1. if you buy the books we get a commission which we then exchange for more books for our library. 2. we think it adds to the information in the blog and that the books are useful and interesting.
I’d be interested in people’s opinions – I’ve tried to keep the links unobtrusive and relevant – but let me know if you think otherwise. There are some links to amazon where I couldn’t find the book I wanted to link to (most are books we’ve read and therefore would recommend) on either www.eco-logicbooks.co.uk or www.greenbooks.co.uk

Second – I’m going to try to write posts in both English and Portuguese. Sorry Portuguese people for what I am going to do to your beautiful language. Corrections welcome!

Eu vou tentar escriver em Inglês e Português. Desculpe aos pessoas Portuguese para o que eu vai fazer a sua língua bonita! Gostaria correções!

Portuguese (Hugo in 3 Months)
Teach Yourself Portuguese Complete Course [With CD] (Teach Yourself: Language)

I’ve Learnt Two New Things Already Today!

Both thanks to Catalan Gardener.

First is the health benefits of Olive Leaf Tea.

Olive leaf has been reported to:
* Enhance the immune system
* Increase energy
* Have an internal cleansing action
* Act as an anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and anti-parasitic
* Lower blood pressure, fats, and reduce blood sugar
Olive Leaf Tea, a natural herbal antibiotic and antioxidant that can help or prevent many diseases.

Second is the yummy-sounding Spanish Calçot.

Serve with Romesco Sauce.

Gonna be trying both!


Recommended Books:

The Herbalist’s Way – The Art & Practice of Healing with Plant Medicines

1080 Recipes – If you want to prepare truly authentic Spanish dishes, from paella to patatas con chorizo, there is only one book you need – the traditional bible of Spain that contains 1,080 recipes from the mother and daughter team of Simone and Ines Ortega now translated into English for the first time.

Greenhouse or Polytunnel?

We saw some greenhouses advertised at market last week, and since we’ve just sold Quinta das Limpas we can afford a ready-made one. A 12m2 aluminium framed greenhouse with glass sides and polycarbonate roof, with double doors, 3 windows, gutters for rainwater harvesting, delivery and installation, will cost around 2,000 euros. That’s a LOT of money!

I don’t know where to get a ready made polytunnel in Portugal, or how much they cost (anyone?). So the other option is a home-made polytunnel using either bent plastic pipes or bent mimosa/eucalyptus sourced from our land. This is certainly the cheaper option and, at first thought, the greener option.

But is it? How long will the polytunnel last compared to the greenhouse? How often will the plastic need replacing, and how easily available/expensive will the plastic be in the future? How do we dispose of old/torn plastic? Do I want to spend time every year patching/rebuilding a home-made polytunnel?  I think a greenhouse would be a lot easier to clean – should that be a big consideration?  And of course, which is better for growing in – greenhouse or polytunnel?

Hmmm … I really don’t know. Which is why I’m posting this here, in the hope that anyone reading this will leave a comment with your thoughts (please)!

Four Season Harvest

The Polytunnel Handbook

Freedom Gardens

Seeding Change: Website Seeks to Liberate Diets—and Wallets—from Supermarket

Site’s “100-Foot Diet” Brings Local Food Movement Home

PASADENA, CA. – July 7, 2008 – Think of it as Facebook meets the Farmer’s Almanac: A social networking site for backyard pioneers who want to fight soaring food prices and global warming by growing their own food. At FreedomGardens.org, novice and expert growers from all over the world can gather to post success stories, ask questions, and challenge one another to ever-increasing levels of self-sustained living.

The site is backed by the example of its founders, the Dervaes family, the urban-dwelling “eco-pioneers” who have been growing most of their own food since 2001. On their one-fifth acre residential lot in Pasadena, Jules Dervaes and his three adult children, Anais, Justin, and Jordanne, grow over 400 varieties of fresh fruits, vegetables, herbs, and edible flowers-with enough left over to run an award-winning “green” business selling fresh organic produce to local restaurants and caterers.

Few can match that output, but the Dervaeses say that by growing at least a portion of what they eat, “Freedom Gardeners” everywhere can take back control from the corporate food system. In the process, they can improve their health, reduce their ecological footprint, and save money. With food price inflation at the highest levels since 1990, the latter may be the most compelling reason to join what the Dervaeses call their “homegrown revolution(TM).”

To motivate new gardeners and focus their efforts, Freedom Gardens offers challenges like the 100-Foot Diet. With a nod to the 100-Mile Diet and other “eat local” initiatives, the 100-Foot Diet urges people to garden in whatever space they have available, be it a small patio or a spacious backyard, then prepare at least one meal a week using as many homegrown ingredients, and as few store-bought ingredients, as possible.

Mr. Dervaes uses the illustration of a target to explain the 100-Foot Diet in the context of the global food economy and the distance food travels from field to plate. “The outer ring of the target is overseas, while the circle at 1,500 miles represents the average distance produce in a grocery store travels. The 100-mile diet is getting you closer to the center. But, the 100-foot diet is actually bringing you right back to your home, and that is the bull’s-eye,” he says. “We want people to look for food security in their own backyard.”

Freedom Gardens is an offshoot of the family’s first website, PathtoFreedom.com, a seven year-old sustainable living blog that gets 5 million hits per month from 125 different countries. The new, more interactive site uses social networking software to connect visitors with other gardeners in their area. They can share tips about local climate and soil issues, display which challenges they are participating in on their profiles, and find others nearby doing the same challenge.

“We are providing the setting for ‘over-the-fence’ chats,” says Mr. Dervaes. “Neighbors can help each other more than we can from our particular locale. Through the website, we facilitate their getting together.”

Growing your own diet is not easy, but the Dervaeses are living proof that it is not impossible either. In their first year of full-time gardening, the family’s harvest was over 2,300 pounds; by 2003, their yearly take had reached over 6,000 pounds. This year they have challenged themselves to reach a new all-time high: 10,000 pounds from a one-tenth acre urban garden.

The Dervaes family has received several local awards and congressional recognition for their environmental contributions and outreach efforts. They have been the subject of numerous articles in newspapers around the country, including The New York Times and The Los Angeles Times, and were recently featured on ABC’s Nightline and CNN.

About Freedom Gardens

Launched in May 2008, Freedom Gardens is a social networking website for gardeners and homegrown food enthusiasts. The site’s founders, the Dervaes family, draw on years of personal experience on their model urban homestead to help others take back control of their diets and their budgets by growing more of their own food. For more information, please visit www.freedomgardens.org.

Food Not Lawns
Combines practical wisdom on ecological design and community-building with a fresh, green perspective on an age-old subject. Activist and urban gardener Heather Flores shares her nine-step permaculture design to help farmsteaders and city dwellers alike build fertile soil, promote biodiversity, and increase natural habitat in their own ‘paradise gardens’. But “Food Not Lawns” doesn’t begin and end in the seed bed. This joyful permaculture lifestyle manual inspires readers to apply the principles of the paradise garden – simplicity, resourcefulness, creativity, mindfulness, and community – to all aspects of life. It includes topics such as: plant ‘guerilla gardens’ in barren road intersections; organize community meals; start a street theatre troupe or host a local art swap; free your kitchen from refrigeration and enjoy truly fresh, nourishing foods from your own plot of land; and work with children to create garden play spaces.

Hoopoe Call

Another bloody annoying wildlife sound – that of a hoopoe waking you up at 6am and then keeping you awake for the next 2 hours with its irritatingly repetitive noise (I thought the cuckoos were bad, at least they don’t seem to be early risers). Don’t let anyone tell you it’s all peace and quiet in the countryside …

http://www.rspb.org.uk/wildlife/birdguide/name/h/hoopoe

New Holland European Bird Guide – More than 500 bird species, including all those that commonly breed, pass through or winter in Britain and Europe, plus a number of regular vagrants. It has 70 beautifully illustrated and very accurate full-page colour plates illustrating a variety of plumages and poses for most species. In total the book contains 1,700 bird images. The concise text is packed with essential information on the identification, calls, distribution and status of each species and the account for each species is on the page opposite its illustration.